This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

AI Language Models in Health Care (183) Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Sciences (198) Foundation Models and Their Applications in AI (50) Ambient AI Scribes and AI-Driven Documentation Technologies (7) Natural Language Processing (892) Ontologies, Classifications, and Coding (318) Generative Language Models Including ChatGPT (668)

Published on in Vol 13 (2025)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/71176, first published .
Language Models for Multilabel Document Classification of Surgical Concepts in Exploratory Laparotomy Operative Notes: Algorithm Development Study

Language Models for Multilabel Document Classification of Surgical Concepts in Exploratory Laparotomy Operative Notes: Algorithm Development Study

Language Models for Multilabel Document Classification of Surgical Concepts in Exploratory Laparotomy Operative Notes: Algorithm Development Study

Authors of this article:

Jeremy A Balch1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Sasank S Desaraju3 Author Orcid Image ;   Victoria J Nolan1 Author Orcid Image ;   Divya Vellanki3 Author Orcid Image ;   Timothy R Buchanan3 Author Orcid Image ;   Lindsey M Brinkley3 Author Orcid Image ;   Yordan Penev3 Author Orcid Image ;   Ahmet Bilgili3 Author Orcid Image ;   Aashay Patel3 Author Orcid Image ;   Corinne E Chatham3 Author Orcid Image ;   David M Vanderbilt3 Author Orcid Image ;   Rayon Uddin3 Author Orcid Image ;   Azra Bihorac4, 5 Author Orcid Image ;   Philip Efron1 Author Orcid Image ;   Tyler J Loftus1, 4 Author Orcid Image ;   Protiva Rahman2 Author Orcid Image ;   Benjamin Shickel4, 5 Author Orcid Image
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