Published on in Vol 13 (2025)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/71176, first published .
Language Models for Multilabel Document Classification of Surgical Concepts in Exploratory Laparotomy Operative Notes: Algorithm Development Study

Language Models for Multilabel Document Classification of Surgical Concepts in Exploratory Laparotomy Operative Notes: Algorithm Development Study

Language Models for Multilabel Document Classification of Surgical Concepts in Exploratory Laparotomy Operative Notes: Algorithm Development Study

Jeremy A Balch   1, 2 , MD ;   Sasank S Desaraju   3 , MS ;   Victoria J Nolan   1 , PhD ;   Divya Vellanki   3 , MS ;   Timothy R Buchanan   3 , BS ;   Lindsey M Brinkley   3 , BS ;   Yordan Penev   3 , MS ;   Ahmet Bilgili   3 , BS ;   Aashay Patel   3 , BS ;   Corinne E Chatham   3 , BS ;   David M Vanderbilt   3 , MD ;   Rayon Uddin   3 , BS ;   Azra Bihorac   4, 5 , MS, MD ;   Philip Efron   1 , MD ;   Tyler J Loftus   1, 4 , MD, PhD ;   Protiva Rahman   2 , PhD ;   Benjamin Shickel   4, 5 , PhD

1 Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States

2 Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States

3 University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States

4 Intelligent Clinical Care Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States

5 Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States

Corresponding Author:

  • Benjamin Shickel, PhD
  • Department of Medicine
  • University of Florida College of Medicine
  • 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100224
  • Gainesville, FL 32610
  • United States
  • Phone: 3522739958
  • Fax: 1 3522739221
  • Email: shickelb@ufl.edu