AI Language Models in Health Care

Language Models for Multilabel Document Classification of Surgical Concepts in Exploratory Laparotomy Operative Notes: Algorithm Development Study

Jeremy A Balch, Sasank S Desaraju, Victoria J Nolan, Divya Vellanki, Timothy R Buchanan, Lindsey M Brinkley, Yordan Penev, Ahmet Bilgili, Aashay Patel, Corinne E Chatham, David M Vanderbilt, Rayon Uddin, Azra Bihorac, Philip Efron, Tyler J Loftus, Protiva Rahman, Benjamin Shickel

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (Jul 09); 13:e71176

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Leveraging Large Language Models for Accurate Retrieval of Patient Information From Medical Reports: Systematic Evaluation Study

Angel Manuel Garcia-Carmona, Maria-Lorena Prieto, Enrique Puertas, Juan-Jose Beunza

JMIR AI 2025 (Jul 03); 4:e68776

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Performance of Large Language Models in the Non-English Context: Qualitative Study of Models Trained on Different Languages in Chinese Medical Examinations

Zhong Yao, Liantan Duan, Shuo Xu, Lingyi Chi, Dongfang Sheng

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (Jun 27); 13:e69485

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Exploring the Potential of Electroencephalography Signal–Based Image Generation Using Diffusion Models: Integrative Framework Combining Mixed Methods and Multimodal Analysis

Chi-Sheng Chen, Shao-Hsuan Chang, Che-Wei Liu, Tung-Ming Pan

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (Jun 25); 13:e72027

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Using a Multilingual AI Care Agent to Reduce Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Screening for Higher Fecal Immunochemical Test Adoption Among Spanish-Speaking Patients: Retrospective Analysis

Meenesh Bhimani, R Hal Baker, Markel Sanz Ausin, Gerald Meixiong, Rae Lasko, Mariska Raglow-Defranco, Alex Miller, Subhabrata Mukherjee, Saad Godil, Anderson Cook, Jonathan D Agnew, Ashish Atreja

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jun 25); 27:e71211

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Large Language Model–Assisted Risk-of-Bias Assessment in Randomized Controlled Trials Using the Revised Risk-of-Bias Tool: Usability Study

Jiajie Huang, Honghao Lai, Weilong Zhao, Danni Xia, Chunyang Bai, Mingyao Sun, Jianing Liu, Jiayi Liu, Bei Pan, Jinhui Tian, Long Ge

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jun 24); 27:e70450

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Evaluating and Improving Syndrome Differentiation Thinking Ability in Large Language Models: Method Development Study

Chunliang Chen, Xinyu Wang, Ming Guan, Wenjing Yue, Yuanbin Wu, Ya Zhou, Xiaoling Wang

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (Jun 20); 13:e75103

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Large Language Model Architectures in Health Care: Scoping Review of Research Perspectives

Florian Leiser, Richard Guse, Ali Sunyaev

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jun 19); 27:e70315

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Large Language Models in Medical Diagnostics: Scoping Review With Bibliometric Analysis

Hankun Su, Yuanyuan Sun, Ruiting Li, Aozhe Zhang, Yuemeng Yang, Fen Xiao, Zhiying Duan, Jingjing Chen, Qin Hu, Tianli Yang, Bin Xu, Qiong Zhang, Jing Zhao, Yanping Li, Hui Li

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jun 09); 27:e72062

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A Knowledge-Enhanced Platform (MetaSepsisKnowHub) for Retrieval Augmented Generation–Based Sepsis Heterogeneity and Personalized Management: Development Study

Chi Zhang, Hao Yang, Xingyun Liu, Rongrong Wu, Hui Zong, Erman Wu, Yi Zhou, Jiakun Li, Bairong Shen

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jun 06); 27:e67201

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Clinical Management of Wasp Stings Using Large Language Models: Cross-Sectional Evaluation Study

Wei Pan, Shuman Zhang, Yonghong Wang, Zhenglin Quan, Yanxia Zhu, Zhicheng Fang, Xianyi Yang

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jun 04); 27:e67489

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Predicting 30-Day Postoperative Mortality and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Using Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models: Development and Validation Study

Ying-Hao Chen, Shanq-Jang Ruan, Pei-fu Chen

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jun 03); 27:e75052

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High-Throughput Phenotyping of the Symptoms of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias Using Large Language Models: Cross-Sectional Study

You Cheng, Mrunal Malekar, Yingnan He, Apoorva Bommareddy, Colin Magdamo, Arjun Singh, Brandon Westover, Shibani S Mukerji, John Dickson, Sudeshna Das

JMIR AI 2025 (Jun 03); 4:e66926

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Enhancing the Accuracy of Human Phenotype Ontology Identification: Comparative Evaluation of Multimodal Large Language Models

Wei Zhong, Mingyue Sun, Shun Yao, YiFan Liu, Dingchuan Peng, Yan Liu, Kai Yang, HuiMin Gao, HuiHui Yan, WenJing Hao, YouSheng Yan, ChengHong Yin

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Jun 02); 27:e73233

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Assessing the Accuracy and Reliability of Large Language Models in Psychiatry Using Standardized Multiple-Choice Questions: Cross-Sectional Study

Kaitlin Hanss, Karthik V Sarma, Anne L Glowinski, Andrew Krystal, Ramotse Saunders, Andrew Halls, Sasha Gorrell, Erin Reilly

J Med Internet Res 2025 (May 20); 27:e69910

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From E-Patients to AI Patients: The Tidal Wave Empowering Patients, Redefining Clinical Relationships, and Transforming Care

Susan S Woods, Sarah M Greene, Laura Adams, Grace Cordovano, Matthew F Hudson

J Particip Med 2025 (May 16); 17:e75794

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Benchmarking the Confidence of Large Language Models in Answering Clinical Questions: Cross-Sectional Evaluation Study

Mahmud Omar, Reem Agbareia, Benjamin S Glicksberg, Girish N Nadkarni, Eyal Klang

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (May 16); 13:e66917

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Patients’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence Acceptance, Challenges, and Use in Medical Care: Qualitative Study

Jana Gundlack, Carolin Thiel, Sarah Negash, Charlotte Buch, Timo Apfelbacher, Kathleen Denny, Jan Christoph, Rafael Mikolajczyk, Susanne Unverzagt, Thomas Frese

J Med Internet Res 2025 (May 15); 27:e70487

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A Practical Guide and Assessment on Using ChatGPT to Conduct Grounded Theory: Tutorial

Yongjie Yue, Dong Liu, Yilin Lv, Junyi Hao, Peixuan Cui

J Med Internet Res 2025 (May 14); 27:e70122

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Identification of Online Health Information Using Large Pretrained Language Models: Mixed Methods Study

Dongmei Tan, Yi Huang, Ming Liu, Ziyu Li, Xiaoqian Wu, Cheng Huang

J Med Internet Res 2025 (May 14); 27:e70733

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