Optimizing Thyroid Nodule Management With Artificial Intelligence: Multicenter Retrospective Study on Reducing Unnecessary Fine Needle Aspirations

Jia-Hui Ni   ^{1 *} , MMed ;   Yun-Yun Liu   ^{1 *} , MD ;   Chao Chen   ^{2 *} , MD ;   Yi-Lei Shi   ^{3 *} , PhD ;   Xing Zhao   ³ , PhD ;   Xiao-Long Li   ⁴ , MD ;   Bei-Bei Ye   ¹ , MMed ;   Jing-Liang Hu   ³ , MD ;   Li-Chao Mou   ³ , PhD ;   Li-Ping Sun   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Hui-Jun Fu   ⁵ , MD ;   Xiao-Xiang Zhu   ⁶ , PhD ;   Yi-Feng Zhang   ^{7 *} , MD, PhD ;   Lehang Guo   ^{1 *} , MD, PhD ;   Hui-Xiong Xu   ⁴ , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

² Department of Thyroid Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China

³ Med AI Technology (Wuxi) Co, Ltd, Wuxi, China

⁴ Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan hospital, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

⁵ Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

⁶ Chair of Data Science in Earth Observation, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

⁷ Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

*these authors contributed equally