A Multimodal Imaging–Based Deep Learning Model for Detecting Treatment-Requiring Retinal Vascular Diseases: Model Development and Validation Study

Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang   ^{1, 2 *} , MD ;   Ling Yeung   ^{2, 3 *} , MD ;   Yi-Lun Lee   ⁴ , BSc ;   Cheng-Hsiu Wu   ^{2, 3} , MD ;   Shu-Yen Peng   ^{2, 3} , MD ;   Yueh-Peng Chen   ⁴ , PhD ;   Quan-Ze Gao   ⁴ , PhD ;   Chihung Lin   ⁴ , PhD ;   Chang-Fu Kuo   ^{2, 4} , PhD, MD ;   Chi-Chun Lai   ^{2, 3} , MD

¹ Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan

² College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

³ Department of Ophthalmology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan

⁴ Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan

*these authors contributed equally