Federated Learning of Electronic Health Records to Improve Mortality Prediction in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: Machine Learning Approach

Akhil Vaid   ^{1, 2 *} , MD ;   Suraj K Jaladanki   ^{1, 2 *} , BSc ;   Jie Xu   ³ , PhD ;   Shelly Teng   ^{1, 2} , BSc ;   Arvind Kumar   ^{1, 2} , BSc ;   Samuel Lee   ^{1, 2} , BSc ;   Sulaiman Somani   ^{1, 2} , BSc ;   Ishan Paranjpe   ^{1, 2} , BSc ;   Jessica K De Freitas   ^{1, 2, 4} , BSc ;   Tingyi Wanyan   ^{1, 5, 6} , BSc ;   Kipp W Johnson   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Mesude Bicak   ^{1, 2, 4} , PhD ;   Eyal Klang   ⁷ , MD ;   Young Joon Kwon   ⁸ , MSc ;   Anthony Costa   ⁸ , PhD ;   Shan Zhao   ^{1, 9} , MD, PhD ;   Riccardo Miotto   ^{1, 4} , PhD ;   Alexander W Charney   ^{2, 4, 10, 11} , MD, PhD ;   Erwin Böttinger   ^{1, 2, 12} , MD ;   Zahi A Fayad   ^{13, 14} , PhD ;   Girish N Nadkarni   ^{1, 2, 15, 16} , MPH, MD ;   Fei Wang   ³ , PhD ;   Benjamin S Glicksberg   ^{1, 2, 4} , PhD

¹ The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States

² The Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, New York, NY, United States

³ Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States

⁴ Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States

⁵ Intelligent System Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States

⁶ School of Information, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, United States

⁷ Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States

⁸ Department of Neurological Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States

⁹ Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States

¹⁰ The Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States

¹¹ Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States

¹² Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

¹³ The BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States

¹⁴ Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States

¹⁵ Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States

¹⁶ The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States

*these authors contributed equally