Ontologies, Classifications, and Coding

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Articles published in 2026 in this theme: 54 (scroll down to load remaining articles)

2026

Doctor in lab coat analyzing medical scans on laptop in futuristic medical lab

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Clinical Laboratory Terminology Standardization for Semantic Interoperability Using a Large Language Model–Based Agent: Methodological Study

Lijuan Wu, Jinxin Huang, Hongnian Wang, Liyi Mai, Xueyun Zhan, Xinrong He, Xiaotang Zhang, Huiying Liang, Xin Li, Abdelouahab Bellou

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Aug 20); 28:e92499

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Therapist listening to a man in a session, discussing mental health and well-being.

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Large Language Models for Mental Health Prediction: Scoping Review of Bias and Clinical Utility Documentation in 2019-2024

Clémentine Bleuze, Karën Fort, Vincent P Martin, Aurélie Névéol

JMIR AI 2026 (Aug 13); 5:e88082

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AI analysis of hip X-ray/MRI for Femoral Head Necrosis, stage 3 ARCO

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Prompt Configurations for Multimodal Large Language Models in Diagnosing and Staging Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Multimodel Retrospective Observational Diagnostic Study

Jiesheng Zhu, Xingxing Huang, Jincheng Shi, Shaoming Chen, Daosen Chen, Zhihan Gao, Yi Lu, Tao Yang, Xue Wang, Yimu Lin, Peiyu Xu, Li Li, Pei Fan

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Aug 10); 28:e92919

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Therapist taking notes on patient records during a session

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Measuring Depression Severity With Clinical Global Impression–Severity Scale Scores From Clinical Notes Using Large Language Models: Validation Study

Kevin Li, Ayah Zirikly, Sarah C Collica, Fernando S Goes, Congwen Zhao, Trang Nguyen, Jane P Gagliardi, Benjamin A Goldstein, Hwanhee Hong, Elizabeth A Stuart, Peter P Zandi

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Aug 10); 10:e86906

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Development and Validation of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model for Staging Helicobacter pylori–Initiated Intestinal-Type Gastric Cancer in the Correa Cascade: Cross-Sectional Study

Jiawei Tang, Huijin Chen, Wenwen Zhang, Alfred Chin Yen Tay, Barry J Marshall, Cong Ma, Liang Wang

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Aug 07); 28:e94837

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Man with hand on temple, experiencing headache pain

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Conversational Large Language Models for Vestibular Diagnosis in Outpatient Clinics: Prospective Multicenter Diagnostic Accuracy Study

Chongkai Lu, Ruiqi Zhang, Huaili Jiang, Yanping Yu, Sulin Zhang, Qin Lin, Peixia Wu, Huawei Li

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Aug 07); 28:e100442

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Man with continuous glucose monitor (CGM) checking data on phone

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Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Model Counseling for Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Diabetes: Source-Masked Multirater Comparative Evaluation

Zhijun Guo, Alvina Lai, Emmanouil Korakas, Aristeidis Vagenas, Irshad Ahamed, Christo Albor, Hengrui Zhang, Justin Healy, Kezhi Li

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Jul 31); 28:e98519

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Doctor in white coat using a tablet, with stethoscope

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Persona-Driven Data Augmentation for Disease Name Recognition Across Rare and General Disease Corpora: Comparative Evaluation Study

Jude Crener Junior Pierre, Tomohiro Nishiyama, Shaowen Peng, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki

JMIR Med Inform 2026 (Jul 24); 14:e87831

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Laptop screen displays "Personalized Medicine" typed on a vintage typewriter, stethoscope on desk.

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LLM-Generated Lay-Language Protocols for Molecular Tumor Board Patients: Evaluation of Quality and Clinical Usability

Tabea Margareta Grace Pakull, Noëlle Bender, Sven Benson, Anke Fleischhauer, Mohammad Alsara, Tanja Gromke, Thomas Hilser, Katharina Kaminski, Michael Pogorzelski, Nicola Prasuhn, Vivian Rosery, Dirk Schadendorf, Martin Schuler, Marcel Wiesweg, Gregor Zaun, Peter Alexander Horn, Christoph Matthias Friedrich, Ina Pretzell

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Jul 23); 28:e99136

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AI robot and man reviewing medical scans, illustrating AI in healthcare technology.

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Development and Clinical Evaluation of a Large Language Model–Based System for Generating Patient-Friendly Echocardiography Reports: Two-Stage Retrospective Validation and Prospective Survey Study

Yuanyuan Sun, Chengmin Huang, Huiyuan Kang, Kaimin Wu, Zhiyuan Jin, Caimei Chen, Mulan Liao, Weimei Ou, Bin Wang, Xu Chen, Guoming Zhang

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Jul 16); 28:e97136

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Young man with curly hair looking frustrated at his laptop

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AI Agents Are Coming: 5-Stage Taxonomy of Language-Based AI Systems for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Counseling

Raphael Schuster, Constantin Yves Plessen, Per Carlbring, Andreas Walther

JMIR Ment Health 2026 (Jul 13); 13:e91746

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Stethoscope and dental tools on a laptop, representing medical technology and patient care.

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An Ontology for the Adoption of Medical Devices in Health Care Organizations: Design and Development Study

Sara Vannelli, Daniele Spoladore, Filippo Visintin

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Jul 10); 28:e88366

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Abstract visualization of a human brain with glowing neural pathways

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Symptom-Only Localization of Brainstem Ischemia Using Large Language Models Versus Neurologists in Diffusion-Weighted Imaging–Positive Cases: Retrospective Single-Center Study

Nedim Beste, Thomas Dratsch, Jonathan Kottlors, Pia Floßdorf, Agni-Maria Konitsioti, Lukas J Volz, Uta Hanning, Daniel Pinto dos Santos, Lukas Goertz, David Zopfs, Christoph Kabbasch, Marc Schlamann, Kai Roman Laukamp, Michael Schönfeld

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Jul 08); 10:e87163

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Medical professional uses a tablet in a clinic, with a patient in the background.

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Dictionary-Augmented Large Language Model Postprocessing for Bilingual Code-Switched Medical Speech Recognition: Development and Evaluation Study

Chanryeong Oh, Yul Hwangbo, Wonjoong Cheon, Jaedong Lee

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Jul 08); 28:e91696

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Doctors review Orphanet rare disease classifications on computer and tablet.

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The Orphanet Nomenclature and Classification of Rare Diseases for Improved Patient Recognition and Data Interoperability: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

Caterina Lucano, David Lagorce, Annie Olry, Houda Ali, Valérie Lanneau, Mickael De Carvalho, Aysegul Dilsizoglu Senol, Marta Fructuoso, Emilie Gaillard, Marie-Cécile Gaillard, Seed Mihic, Mariana Tannoury, Florence Sauvage, Charlotte Rodwell, Sylvie Maiella, Marc Hanauer, Ana Rath

JMIR Med Inform 2026 (Jul 08); 14:e84553

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Dentist typing on laptop with dental, skeletal, and lip icons

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Linguistic Fidelity and Classification Performance of Large Language Models for Generating Synthetic Operative Notes: Evaluation Study

Meredith Cox, Elaine Lin, Nicholas Oleck, Carlee Jones, Neill Y Li, Suhail K Mithani, Alexander C Allori

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Jul 03); 10:e87276

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Doctor in mask reviews ultrasound scan of breast on monitor and tablet.

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Intrasystem Repeatability of S-Detect for Breast Ultrasound Classification With Identical Static Images: Single-Center Retrospective Repeatability Study

Liang Yongping, Ping Zhou, Yang Wang, Nan Zhang, Qing Zhou, Xinghao Zhang, Haifeng Cai, Zhang Juan

JMIR Med Inform 2026 (Jul 03); 14:e86278

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Doctor reviewing eye scans on computer monitor in an office

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Automated Optic Disc Tilt Classification in Fundus Photographs Using Segmentation and the Elliptical Ratio: External Clinical Validation Study

Chae Yeon Lim, Jaeryung Kim, Joonhyoung Kim, Chaeyeon Lee, Euido Song, Taeyoung Kim, Sei Yeul Oh, Myung Jin Chung, Kyung Ah Park

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Jul 02); 10:e86380

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Pregnant woman in a white dress and face mask touches her mask

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Pregnancy-Related Clinical Codes in Unlikely Populations in Primary Care

Helen Curtis, Peter Inglesby, Ben Goldacre, Rose Higgins, Amir Mehrkar, Sebastian Bacon, Brian MacKenna

JMIR Med Inform 2026 (Jun 30); 14:e89620

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Young woman with headscarf holding a mug by the window

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Emotion Classification in Japanese Cancer Survivor Interview Narratives Using Sentiment Polarity and Plutchik Emotion Frameworks: Model Development and Evaluation Study

Soma Hisamura, Satoshi Watabe, Hayato Kizaki, Shungo Imai, Kyoko Sayama, Toru Kishida, Natsumi Fukuoka, Shuntaro Yada, Eiji Aramaki, Satoko Hori

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Jun 30); 10:e94826

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