Published on in Vol 13 (2025)

1 National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
2 Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
3 Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
4 Advanced Institute of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou, China
5 Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
6 Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
7 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
8 Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
9 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
