Published on in Vol 13 (2025)

1 Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Ministry of Education, Dalian University, Dalian, China
2 School of Software Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian, China
3 Institute of Artificial Intelligence, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
4 National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
5 State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
*these authors contributed equally