Published on in Vol 13 (2025)
Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are
available at
https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/74940, first published
.

1 School of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
2 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
3 Lin-gang Medical Device Innovation Center, Shanghai, China