Deep Learning–Based Detection of Early Renal Function Impairment Using Retinal Fundus Images: Model Development and Validation

Deep Learning–Based Detection of Early Renal Function Impairment Using Retinal Fundus Images: Model Development and Validation

Authors of this article:

Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang^{1, 2} ;   Yi-Ting Hsieh³ ;   Chien-Hung Li⁴ ;   Yi-Jin Huang⁴ ;   Chang-Fu Kuo^{2, 5} ;   Je-Ho Kang⁶ ;   Kuan-Jen Chen^{1, 2} ;   Chi-Chun Lai^{1, 2} ;   Wei-Chi Wu^{1, 2} ;   Yih-Shiou Hwang^{1, 2}