AI Language Models in Health Care

Clinical Large Language Model Evaluation by Expert Review (CLEVER): Framework Development and Validation

Veysel Kocaman, Mustafa Aytuğ Kaya, Andrei Marian Feier, David Talby

JMIR AI 2025 (Dec 04); 4:e72153

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Evaluating Artificial Intelligence Models in Dermatology: Comparative Analysis

Aneri Bhargav Patel, William Driscoll, Conan H Lee, Cameron Zachary, Nicole M Golbari, Janellen Smith

JMIR Dermatol 2025 (Dec 04); 8:e74040

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Medical Feature Extraction From Clinical Examination Notes: Development and Evaluation of a Two-Phase Large Language Model Framework

Manal Abumelha, Abdullah AL-Malaise AL-Ghamdi, Ayman Fayoumi, Mahmoud Ragab

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (Dec 03); 13:e78432

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Enabling Just-in-Time Clinical Oncology Analysis With Large Language Models: Feasibility and Validation Study Using Unstructured Synthetic Data

Peter May, Julian Greß, Christoph Seidel, Sebastian Sommer, Markus K Schuler, Sina Nokodian, Florian Schröder, Johannes Jung

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (Dec 01); 13:e78332

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Evaluation of an AI-Based Chatbot Providing Real-Time Feedback in Communication Training for Mental Health Care Professionals: Proof-of-Concept Observational Study

Lea Herschbach, Teresa Festl-Wietek, Christian Stegemann-Philipps, Alessandra Sonanini, Bernd Herrmann, Rebecca Erschens, Anne Herrmann-Werner, Friederike Holderried

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Nov 28); 27:e82818

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Assessing Pharmacists’ Use and Perception of AI Chatbots in Pharmacy Practice: Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Anly Li, Amy Heck Sheehan, Christopher Giuliano, Paul Dobry, Paul Walker, Jennifer Philips, Joseph Jordan

JMIR Med Educ 2025 (Nov 21); 11:e71767

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Considerations for Patient Privacy of Large Language Models in Health Care: Scoping Review

Xiaoying Zhong, Siyi Li, Zhao Chen, Long Ge, Dongdong Yu, Shijia Wang, Liangzhen You, Hongcai Shang

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Nov 21); 27:e76571

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Identifying Biomedical Entities for Datasets in Scientific Articles: 4-Step Cache-Augmented Generation Approach Using GPT-4o and PubTator 3.0

Claudia Giuliani, Gita Benadi, Felix Engel, Jonas Werner, Manuel Watter, Guido Schwarzer, Olaf Groß, Robert Zeiser, Harald Binder, Klaus Kaier

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Nov 20); 9:e73822

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Performance of Retrieval-Augmented Generation Large Language Models in Guideline-Concordant Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing: Comparative Study With Junior Clinicians

Joshua Yi Min Tung, Quan Le, Jinxuan Yao, Yifei Huang, Daniel Yan Zheng Lim, Gerald Gui Ren Sng, Rachel Shu En Lau, Yu Guang Tan, Kenneth Chen, Kae Jack Tay, Jen Hong Tan, John Shyi Peng Yuen, Christopher Wai Sam Cheng, Henry Sun Sien Ho

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Nov 19); 27:e78393

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Application of Narrative and AI-Assisted Follow-Up After Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Multicenter, Double-Blind, Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial

Linfeng Wang, Yueqiang Peng, Gaojie Zhang, Yong Huang, Guo Yang, Yu Jiang, Qiao Xu, Jiang Yu, Jiajia Jin, Hong Qiao, Qingyu Wu, Ziling Wei, Wei Tang, Jiayu Liu

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Nov 17); 27:e68573

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Prediction of Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: Model Development and Validation Study

Jiang Zheng, Qiling Jiang, Yusheng Zhan, Yanming Tang, Xiaohui Du, Guangrong Xiang, Yufang Ouyang, Hong Fu

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (Nov 17); 13:e78655

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Enhancing Large Language Models With AI Agents for Chronic Gastritis Management: Comprehensive Comparative Study

Shurui Wang, Qing Ye

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (Nov 13); 13:e73857

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Quantitative Assessment of Strabismus Using Cloud AI Computing: Validation Study

Junxian He, Jiawei Zhang, Zheng Wang, Shrinivas Pundlik, Rui Liu, Gang Luo

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Nov 04); 9:e79280

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Performance of the Large Language Models on the Chinese National Nurse Licensure Examination: Cross-Sectional Evaluation Study

Longhui Xu, Xiao Cong, Renxiu Wang, Na Li, Xinru Liu, Ronghui Wang, Cuiping Xu

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (Nov 03); 13:e78279

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Assessing the Limitations of Large Language Models in Clinical Practice Guideline–Concordant Treatment Decision-Making on Real-World Data: Retrospective Study

Tobias Roeschl, Marie Hoffmann, Djawid Hashemi, Felix Rarreck, Nils Hinrichs, Tobias Daniel Trippel, Matthias I Gröschel, Axel Unbehaun, Christoph Klein, Jörg Kempfert, Henryk Dreger, Benjamin O'Brien, Gerhard Hindricks, Felix Balzer, Volkmar Falk, Alexander Meyer

JMIRx Med 2025 (Nov 03); 6:e74899

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Effectiveness of Communication Competence in AI Conversational Agents for Health: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jiaqi Qin, Yuanfeixue Nan, Zichao Li, Jingbo Meng

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Nov 03); 27:e76296

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Impact of Detailed Versus Generic Instructions on Fine-Tuned Language Models for Patient Discharge Instructions Generation: Comparative Statistical Analysis

Muneerah Alqahtani, Abdullah Al-Barakati, Fahd Alotaibi, Mohammed Al Shibli, Saad Almousa

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Oct 30); 9:e80917

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Behavior Emotion Therapy System and You: Co-Design and Evaluation of a Mental Health Chatbot and Digital Human for Mild to Moderate Anxiety in Healthy Participants

Almira Osmanovic Thunström, Lilas Ali, Hanne Krage Carlsen, Maria Bohm, Linda Wesén, Olof Wrede, Iris Sarajlic Vukovic, Andreas Hellström, Tomas Larson, Steinn Steingrimsson

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Oct 30); 9:e66163

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Detecting Laterality Errors in Combined Radiographic Studies by Enhancing the Traditional Approach With GPT-4o: Algorithm Development and Multisite Internal Validation

Kung-Hsun Weng, Yi-Chen Chou, Yu-Ting Kuo, Tsyh-Jyi Hsieh, Chung-Feng Liu

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Oct 29); 9:e76384

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Evaluating Web Retrieval–Assisted Large Language Models With and Without Whitelisting for Evidence-Based Neurology: Comparative Study

Lars Masanneck, Paula Zoe Epping, Sven G Meuth, Marc Pawlitzki

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Oct 29); 27:e79379

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