AI Language Models in Health Care

Articles published in this theme: 303 (scroll down to load remaining articles)

2026

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Supervised Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models With Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Pediatric Heart Disease Detection in Unstructured Echocardiogram Reports: Algorithm Development and Validation

Haoming Shi, Justin B Long, Michael C Fiedorek, Hannah D Kilday, Henry P Foote, Christoph P Hornik, Aditya Nagori, Yifan Xiang, Rishikesan Kamaleswaran

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Jun 08); 10:e90968

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Comparing the Accuracy of ChatGPT-4o, DeepSeek-V3, and Gemini 2.5 Flash in Answering Frequently Asked Questions About Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Quantitative Study

Alvina Widhani, Suzy Maria, Aisha Putri Chairani, Nabila Yulianingrum Adella Visco, Muhammad Faiz Amirullah Nurhadi, Lutfi Airlangga Harjoprawito, Dwitya Elvira, Irwin Tedja, Yuniza Yuniza, Deasy Fetarayani, Sukamto Koesnoe, Bramantya Wicaksana, Anshari Saifuddin Hasibuan, Evy Yunihastuti

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Jun 08); 10:e89156

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AI Chatbot Answers for Drug Dosing Adjustments According to Renal Function in Geriatric Patients Using the New Scoring System (AI Quality Output Score): Cross-Sectional Study

Celine Barbonus, Ralf Sultzer, Thilo Bertsche

JMIR AI 2026 (Jun 05); 5:e87803

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Improving Radiology Report Error Detection Using a Multipass Large Language Model: Framework Development and Validation

Songsoo Kim, Seungtae Lee, See Young Lee, Joonho Kim, Keechan Kan, Hyunji Lee, Dukyong Yoon

JMIR Med Inform 2026 (Jun 04); 14:e87368

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A Large Language Model–Powered Multiagent Framework Emulating Standardized Patients in Clinical Communication Skills Training: Development and Evaluation Study

Yufei Qu, Xiaowei Xu, Yunzi Long, Yijie Wang, Jiao Li, Xudong Lu

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Jun 04); 28:e84747

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Performance of Vision-Enabled Large Language Models in Image-Based Electrocardiogram Interpretation: Exploratory Evaluation

Nibras Soubh, Eva Rasenack, Helge Haarmann, Felix Wiedmann, Markus Zabel, Constanze Schmidt, Rayan Suliman, Leonard Bergau

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Jun 03); 28:e86692

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Clinical Note Generation From Doctor-Patient Conversations Using Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning Large Language Models: Comparative Study

Saib Ahmed, Farig Yousuf Sadeque

JMIR Med Inform 2026 (Jun 03); 14:e82545

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Confidence Measurement Metrics in Multimodal Large Language Models for Ultrasound-Based Radiology Cases: Comparative Evaluation Study of Self-Reported, Consistency-Based, and Hybrid Methods

Taewon Han, Jaeseung Shin, Jeong Hyun Lee, Kyowon Gu

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Jun 02); 28:e86498

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Preliminary Evaluation of a Large Language Model–Powered Chatbot for Osteoporosis Self-Management Education: Formative Randomized Controlled Trial

Jinling Huang, Xiaolian Xin, Chunyan He, Haoyan Xiong, Wenjun Pang, Shaobo Pang, Wei Sun, Xianghua Ding

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Jun 02); 10:e85475

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Detection of Self-Harm in Electronic Mental Health Records Using Privacy-Preserving Local Language Models: Methodological Study

Andrey Kormilitzin, Dan W Joyce, Apostolos Tsiachristas, Rohan Borschmann, Navneet Kapur, Galit Geulayov

JMIR Ment Health 2026 (Jun 02); 13:e87586

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Hospitalists Are Already Using AI—Why Implementation Will Determine Its Impact

Anna Maw, Aakriti Pandita, Marisha Burden

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Jun 01); 28:e97419

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Performance of Large Language Models on the Brazilian National Medical Education Examination: Comparative Benchmark Study

Francys de Luca Fernandes da Silva, Eduardo Augusto Roeder, João Victor Bruneti Severino, Matheus Nespolo Berger, Pedro Angelo Basei de Paula, Davi Ferreira, Maria Han Veiga, Thyago Proença de Moraes, Gustavo Lenci Marques

JMIR Med Educ 2026 (May 29); 12:e89839

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Application of Sparse Autoencoders to Enhance Mechanistic Interpretability of Large Language Models in Medicine

Andre Metzger, Shiv Patil, Lauren R Sugarmann, Mert Karabacak, Konstantinos Margetis

JMIR AI 2026 (May 27); 5:e81134

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Differences in Safety Risks Across Languages in Health-Relevant Queries: Vulnerability Analysis of Large Language Model Responses

Saubhagya Joshi, Monjil A Mehta, Melissa Mendoza, Yonaira M Rivera, Vivek K Singh

JMIR Form Res 2026 (May 26); 10:e87465

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Large Language Model–Generated Patient Instructions for Prescriptions in Primary Health Care: Preclinical Algorithm Validation

Zilma Silveira Nogueira Reis, Elisa Tuler Albergaria, Adriana Silvina Pagano, Eura Martins Lage, Flávia Ribeiro de Oliveira, Cristiane dos Santos Dias, Juliana Almeida Oliveira, Gláucia Miranda Varella Pereira, Isaias Jose Ramos de Oliveira, Érico Franco Mineiro, Igor Carvalho Lima Oliveira, Davi dos Reis de Jesus, Antônio Pereira de Souza Júnior, Igor de Carvalho Gomes, Rodrigo André Cuevas Gaete, Ricardo Cruz-Correia, Leonardo Rocha

J Med Internet Res 2026 (May 26); 28:e84444

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Extracting Cardiorespiratory Symptoms From Clinical Notes Using Open-Weight Large Language Models: Method Development and Validation Study

Yunbing Bai, Wanting Cui, Joseph Finkelstein

JMIR Cardio 2026 (May 22); 10:e89480

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Benchmarking Large Language Models and Prompt Engineering Strategies in Microsatellite Instability Cancers: Evaluation Study

Yuxin Zhang, Jie Song, Cheng Bi, Xin Zheng, Zhichuan Xu, Dan Cao, Bairong Shen

J Med Internet Res 2026 (May 21); 28:e88614

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Extracting Social Determinants of Health From Electronic Health Records: Development and Comparison of Rule-Based and Large Language Model Methods

Bo Wang, Dia Kabir, Cheryl Renee Clark, Karmel W Choi, Jordan W Smoller

JMIR Med Inform 2026 (May 19); 14:e89534

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A Multiassessment and Multiprofessional Agents Approach for Medical Chatbot Risk Estimation: Development and Evaluation Study

Lenard Paulo Velasco Tamayo, Tomohiro Nishiyama, Shaowen Peng, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki

JMIR Med Inform 2026 (May 15); 14:e80416

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Large Language Models and Their Applications in Mental Health: Scoping Review

Matheus Calvin Lokadjaja, Jordon Junyang Kho, Peter Johannes Schulz, Wilson Wen Bin Goh

JMIR Ment Health 2026 (May 15); 13:e88057

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