AI Language Models in Health Care

From E-Patients to AI Patients: The Tidal Wave Empowering Patients, Redefining Clinical Relationships, and Transforming Care

Susan S Woods, Sarah M Greene, Laura Adams, Grace Cordovano, Matthew F Hudson

J Particip Med 2025 (May 16); 17:e75794

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Benchmarking the Confidence of Large Language Models in Answering Clinical Questions: Cross-Sectional Evaluation Study

Mahmud Omar, Reem Agbareia, Benjamin S Glicksberg, Girish N Nadkarni, Eyal Klang

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (May 16); 13:e66917

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Patients’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence Acceptance, Challenges, and Use in Medical Care: Qualitative Study

Jana Gundlack, Carolin Thiel, Sarah Negash, Charlotte Buch, Timo Apfelbacher, Kathleen Denny, Jan Christoph, Rafael Mikolajczyk, Susanne Unverzagt, Thomas Frese

J Med Internet Res 2025 (May 15); 27:e70487

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A Practical Guide and Assessment on Using ChatGPT to Conduct Grounded Theory: Tutorial

Yongjie Yue, Dong Liu, Yilin Lv, Junyi Hao, Peixuan Cui

J Med Internet Res 2025 (May 14); 27:e70122

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Identification of Online Health Information Using Large Pretrained Language Models: Mixed Methods Study

Dongmei Tan, Yi Huang, Ming Liu, Ziyu Li, Xiaoqian Wu, Cheng Huang

J Med Internet Res 2025 (May 14); 27:e70733

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Combining Artificial Intelligence and Human Support in Mental Health: Digital Intervention With Comparable Effectiveness to Human-Delivered Care

Clare E Palmer, Emily Marshall, Edward Millgate, Graham Warren, Michael Ewbank, Elisa Cooper, Samantha Lawes, Alastair Smith, Chris Hutchins-Joss, Jessica Young, Malika Bouazzaoui, Morad Margoum, Sandra Healey, Louise Marshall, Shaun Mehew, Ronan Cummins, Valentin Tablan, Ana Catarino, Andrew E Welchman, Andrew D Blackwell

J Med Internet Res 2025 (May 13); 27:e69351

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Transformer-Based Language Models for Group Randomized Trial Classification in Biomedical Literature: Model Development and Validation

Elaheh Aghaarabi, David Murray

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (May 09); 13:e63267

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The Effectiveness of a Custom AI Chatbot for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Health Literacy: Development and Evaluation Study

Anthony Kelly, Eoin Noctor, Laura Ryan, Pepijn van de Ven

J Med Internet Res 2025 (May 05); 27:e70131

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Comparing Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Professionals and Large Language Models: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Guxue Shan, Xiaonan Chen, Chen Wang, Li Liu, Yuanjing Gu, Huiping Jiang, Tingqi Shi

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (Apr 25); 13:e64963

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Machine Learning Approach to Identifying Empathy Using the Vocals of Mental Health Helpline Counselors: Algorithm Development and Validation

Ruvini Sanjeewa, Ravi Iyer, Pragalathan Apputhurai, Nilmini Wickramasinghe, Denny Meyer

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Apr 16); 9:e67835

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Summarizing Online Patient Conversations Using Generative Language Models: Experimental and Comparative Study

Rakhi Asokkumar Subjagouri Nair, Matthias Hartung, Philipp Heinisch, Janik Jaskolski, Cornelius Starke-Knäusel, Susana Veríssimo, David Maria Schmidt, Philipp Cimiano

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (Apr 14); 13:e62909

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Identifying Deprescribing Opportunities With Large Language Models in Older Adults: Retrospective Cohort Study

Vimig Socrates, Donald S Wright, Thomas Huang, Soraya Fereydooni, Christine Dien, Ling Chi, Jesse Albano, Brian Patterson, Naga Sasidhar Kanaparthy, Catherine X Wright, Andrew Loza, David Chartash, Mark Iscoe, Richard Andrew Taylor

JMIR Aging 2025 (Apr 11); 8:e69504

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Extracting Pulmonary Embolism Diagnoses From Radiology Impressions Using GPT-4o: Large Language Model Evaluation Study

Mohammed Mahyoub, Kacie Dougherty, Ajit Shukla

JMIR Med Inform 2025 (Apr 09); 13:e67706

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Assessing Patient-Reported Satisfaction With Care and Documentation Time in Primary Care Through AI-Driven Automatic Clinical Note Generation: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Study

Josep Vidal-Alaball, Carlos Alonso, Daniel Hugo Heinisch, Alberto Castaño, Encarna Sánchez-Freire, María Luisa Benito Serrano, Carla Ferrer Pascual, Ignacio Menacho, Ruthy Acosta-Rojas, Odda Cardona Gubert, Rosa Farrés Creus, Joan Armengol Alegre, Carles Martínez Querol, Marina Moreno-Martinez, Mercè Gonfaus Font, Silvia Narejos, Anna Gomez-Fernandez

JMIR Res Protoc 2025 (Apr 07); 14:e66232

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Online Health Information–Seeking in the Era of Large Language Models: Cross-Sectional Web-Based Survey Study

Hye Sun Yun, Timothy Bickmore

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Mar 31); 27:e68560

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Large Language Model–Based Assessment of Clinical Reasoning Documentation in the Electronic Health Record Across Two Institutions: Development and Validation Study

Verity Schaye, David DiTullio, Benedict Vincent Guzman, Scott Vennemeyer, Hanniel Shih, Ilan Reinstein, Danielle E Weber, Abbie Goodman, Danny T Y Wu, Daniel J Sartori, Sally A Santen, Larry Gruppen, Yindalon Aphinyanaphongs, Jesse Burk-Rafel

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Mar 21); 27:e67967

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Improving Dietary Supplement Information Retrieval: Development of a Retrieval-Augmented Generation System With Large Language Models

Yu Hou, Jeffrey R Bishop, Hongfang Liu, Rui Zhang

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Mar 19); 27:e67677

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Large Language Models for Pediatric Differential Diagnoses in Rural Health Care: Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing GPT-3 With Pediatrician Performance

Masab Mansoor, Andrew F Ibrahim, David Grindem, Asad Baig

JMIRx Med 2025 (Mar 19); 6:e65263

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Synthetic Data-Driven Approaches for Chinese Medical Abstract Sentence Classification: Computational Study

Jiajia Li, Zikai Wang, Longxuan Yu, Hui Liu, Haitao Song

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Mar 19); 9:e54803

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How to Design, Create, and Evaluate an Instruction-Tuning Dataset for Large Language Model Training in Health Care: Tutorial From a Clinical Perspective

Wojciech Nazar, Grzegorz Nazar, Aleksandra Kamińska, Ludmila Danilowicz-Szymanowicz

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Mar 18); 27:e70481

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