Large Language Model Automated Extraction of Clinical Signs and Symptoms From Emergency Department Reports for Machine Learning Prediction Models: Development and Validation Study

Anoeska Schipper   ^{1, 2} , MSc ;   Peter Belgers   ³ , MSc ;   Rory David O'Connor   ⁴ , MSc, MD ;   Lieke van de Wouw   ⁴ , MSc, MD ;   Luc Builtjes   ¹ , MSc ;   Joeran S Bosma   ¹ , MSc ;   Ron Kusters   ^{2, 5} , PhD ;   Steef Kurstjens   ^{2, 6} , PhD ;   Matthieu Rutten   ^{1, 7} , MD, PhD ;   Bram van Ginneken   ¹ , PhD

¹ Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Medical Imaging Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

² Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, Den Bosch, The Netherlands

³ Psychiatry Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

⁴ Emergency Department, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, Den Bosch, The Netherlands

⁵ Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

⁶ Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Dicoon BV, Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

⁷ Medical Imaging Department, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, Den Bosch, The Netherlands