This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Reviews in Medical Informatics (115) Clinical Informatics (1340) Machine Learning (2104) Reviews in Medical Education (86)

Published on in Vol 14 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/79039, first published .
Large Language Model–Based Virtual Patient Systems for History-Taking in Medical Education: Comprehensive Systematic Review

Large Language Model–Based Virtual Patient Systems for History-Taking in Medical Education: Comprehensive Systematic Review

Large Language Model–Based Virtual Patient Systems for History-Taking in Medical Education: Comprehensive Systematic Review

Authors of this article:

Dongliang Li1 Author Orcid Image ;   Syaheerah Lebai Lutfi2 Author Orcid Image
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Dongliang Li   1 , MSc ;   Syaheerah Lebai Lutfi   2 , PhD

1 Artificial Intelligence & Software Engineering, School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

2 Medical Informatics Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Seeb, Oman

Corresponding Author:

  • Syaheerah Lebai Lutfi, PhD
  • Medical Informatics Department
  • College of Medicine and Health Sciences
  • Sultan Qaboos University
  • PO Box 35
  • Al Khoudh
  • Al Seeb 123
  • Oman
  • Phone: 60 134526001
  • Email: s.lutfi@squ.edu.om