Published on in Vol 13 (2025)

1 Pain Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities, and Education Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
3 Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
4 Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
5 College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States