Development and Validation of an Arterial Pressure-Based Cardiac Output Algorithm Using a Convolutional Neural Network: Retrospective Study Based on Prospective Registry Data

Hyun-Lim Yang   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Chul-Woo Jung   ^{1, 3} , MD, PhD ;   Seong Mi Yang   ^{1, 3} , MD, PhD ;   Min-Soo Kim   ⁴ , PhD ;   Sungho Shim   ⁵ , BSc ;   Kook Hyun Lee   ^{1, 3} , MD, PhD ;   Hyung-Chul Lee   ^{1, 3} , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

² Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

³ Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁴ School of Computing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

⁵ Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea