A Novel Approach to Assessing Differentiation Degree and Lymph Node Metastasis of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Prediction Using a Radiomics-Based Particle Swarm Optimization and Support Vector Machine Model

Xiaopeng Yao   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Xinqiao Huang   ³ , MD ;   Chunmei Yang   ³ , MD ;   Anbin Hu   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Guangjin Zhou   ⁴ , BA ;   Mei Ju   ⁵ , MA ;   Jianbo Lei   ^{1, 6 *} , PhD ;   Jian Shu   ^{3 *} , PhD

¹ School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China

² Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China

³ Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China

⁴ Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China

⁵ School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China

⁶ Center for Medical Informatics/Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China

*these authors contributed equally