This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Viewpoints on and Experiences with Digital Technologies in Health (88) Machine Learning (1685) Linguistics, Comprehension, and Learning (53)

Published on in Vol 10, No 2 (2022): February

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/32875, first published .
Operationalizing and Implementing Pretrained, Large Artificial Intelligence Linguistic Models in the US Health Care System: Outlook of Generative Pretrained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) as a Service Model

Operationalizing and Implementing Pretrained, Large Artificial Intelligence Linguistic Models in the US Health Care System: Outlook of Generative Pretrained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) as a Service Model

Operationalizing and Implementing Pretrained, Large Artificial Intelligence Linguistic Models in the US Health Care System: Outlook of Generative Pretrained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) as a Service Model

Authors of this article:

Emre Sezgin1 Author Orcid Image ;   Joseph Sirrianni1 Author Orcid Image ;   Simon L Linwood2 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (81) Tweetations (21) Metrics

Journals

  1. Yang Y, Lu Y, Yan W. A comprehensive review on knowledge graphs for complex diseases. Briefings in Bioinformatics 2023;24(1) View
  2. Carpenter K, Altman R. Using GPT-3 to Build a Lexicon of Drugs of Abuse Synonyms for Social Media Pharmacovigilance. Biomolecules 2023;13(2):387 View
  3. Lee J, Yang S, Holland-Hall C, Sezgin E, Gill M, Linwood S, Huang Y, Hoffman J. Prevalence of Sensitive Terms in Clinical Notes Using Natural Language Processing Techniques: Observational Study. JMIR Medical Informatics 2022;10(6):e38482 View
  4. Hirosawa T, Harada Y, Yokose M, Sakamoto T, Kawamura R, Shimizu T. Diagnostic Accuracy of Differential-Diagnosis Lists Generated by Generative Pretrained Transformer 3 Chatbot for Clinical Vignettes with Common Chief Complaints: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2023;20(4):3378 View
  5. Roy K, Gaur M, Soltani M, Rawte V, Kalyan A, Sheth A. ProKnow: Process knowledge for safety constrained and explainable question generation for mental health diagnostic assistance. Frontiers in Big Data 2023;5 View
  6. Sirrianni J, Sezgin E, Claman D, Linwood S. Medical Text Prediction and Suggestion Using Generative Pretrained Transformer Models with Dental Medical Notes. Methods of Information in Medicine 2022;61(05/06):195 View
  7. Goodman R, Patrinely J, Osterman T, Wheless L, Johnson D. On the cusp: Considering the impact of artificial intelligence language models in healthcare. Med 2023;4(3):139 View
  8. Ohki T, Kunii N, Chao Z. Efficient, continual, and generalized learning in the brain – neural mechanism of Mental Schema 2.0 –. Reviews in the Neurosciences 2023;34(8):839 View
  9. Ge J, Lai J. Artificial intelligence-based text generators in hepatology: ChatGPT is just the beginning. Hepatology Communications 2023;7(4) View
  10. Ide K, Hawke P, Nakayama T. Can ChatGPT Be Considered an Author of a Medical Article?. Journal of Epidemiology 2023;33(7):381 View
  11. Byrne M. Generative Artificial Intelligence and ChatGPT. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 2023;38(3):519 View
  12. Heinz M, Bhattacharya S, Trudeau B, Quist R, Song S, Lee C, Jacobson N. Testing domain knowledge and risk of bias of a large-scale general artificial intelligence model in mental health. DIGITAL HEALTH 2023;9 View
  13. Chen S, Loguercio S, Chen K, Lee S, Park J, Liu S, Sadaei H, Torkamani A. Artificial Intelligence for Risk Assessment on Primary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 2023;17(12):215 View
  14. Singhal K, Azizi S, Tu T, Mahdavi S, Wei J, Chung H, Scales N, Tanwani A, Cole-Lewis H, Pfohl S, Payne P, Seneviratne M, Gamble P, Kelly C, Babiker A, Schärli N, Chowdhery A, Mansfield P, Demner-Fushman D, Agüera y Arcas B, Webster D, Corrado G, Matias Y, Chou K, Gottweis J, Tomasev N, Liu Y, Rajkomar A, Barral J, Semturs C, Karthikesalingam A, Natarajan V. Large language models encode clinical knowledge. Nature 2023;620(7972):172 View
  15. Egli A. ChatGPT, GPT-4, and Other Large Language Models: The Next Revolution for Clinical Microbiology?. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2023;77(9):1322 View
  16. Datta S, Lee K, Paek H, Manion F, Ofoegbu N, Du J, Li Y, Huang L, Wang J, Lin B, Xu H, Wang X. AutoCriteria: a generalizable clinical trial eligibility criteria extraction system powered by large language models. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2024;31(2):375 View
  17. Byrne M. The Disruptive Impacts of Next Generation Generative Artificial Intelligence. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing 2023;41(7):479 View
  18. Daher M, Koa J, Boufadel P, Singh J, Fares M, Abboud J. Breaking barriers: can ChatGPT compete with a shoulder and elbow specialist in diagnosis and management?. JSES International 2023;7(6):2534 View
  19. Watson R, O’Connor S. If an artificial intelligence chatbot wrote a scientific article, how would we know?. Nurse Author & Editor 2023;33(1-2):6 View
  20. Das K, Pattanaik M, Basantia S, Mishra R, Das D, Sahoo K, Paital B. Informatics on a social view and need of ethical interventions for wellbeing via interference of artificial intelligence. Telematics and Informatics Reports 2023;11:100065 View
  21. Gala D, Makaryus A. The Utility of Language Models in Cardiology: A Narrative Review of the Benefits and Concerns of ChatGPT-4. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2023;20(15):6438 View
  22. Baugh C, Freund Y, Steg P, Body R, Maron D, Yiadom M. Strategies to mitigate emergency department crowding and its impact on cardiovascular patients. European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care 2023;12(9):633 View
  23. Zheng J, Fischer M. Dynamic prompt-based virtual assistant framework for BIM information search. Automation in Construction 2023;155:105067 View
  24. Sageshima J, Than P, Goussous N, Mineyev N, Perez R. Prediction of High-Risk Donors for Kidney Discard and Nonrecovery Using Structured Donor Characteristics and Unstructured Donor Narratives. JAMA Surgery 2024;159(1):60 View
  25. Chen R, Zhang Y, Choi S, Nguyen D, Levin N. The chatbots are coming: Risks and benefits of consumer-facing artificial intelligence in clinical dermatology. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2023;89(4):872 View
  26. Abi-Rafeh J, Xu H, Kazan R, Tevlin R, Furnas H. Large Language Models and Artificial Intelligence: A Primer for Plastic Surgeons on the Demonstrated and Potential Applications, Promises, and Limitations of ChatGPT. Aesthetic Surgery Journal 2024;44(3):329 View
  27. Sezgin E. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: Complementing, not replacing, doctors and healthcare providers. DIGITAL HEALTH 2023;9 View
  28. Coskun B, Yagiz B, Ocakoglu G, Dalkilic E, Pehlivan Y. Assessing the accuracy and completeness of artificial intelligence language models in providing information on methotrexate use. Rheumatology International 2023;44(3):509 View
  29. Fear K, Gleber C. Shaping the Future of Older Adult Care: ChatGPT, Advanced AI, and the Transformation of Clinical Practice. JMIR Aging 2023;6:e51776 View
  30. Pagano S, Holzapfel S, Kappenschneider T, Meyer M, Maderbacher G, Grifka J, Holzapfel D. Arthrosis diagnosis and treatment recommendations in clinical practice: an exploratory investigation with the generative AI model GPT-4. Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology 2023;24(1) View
  31. Chen J, Liu L, Ruan S, Li M, Yin C. Are Different Versions of ChatGPT’s Ability Comparable to the Clinical Diagnosis Presented in Case Reports? A Descriptive Study. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 2023;Volume 16:3825 View
  32. Saka A, Taiwo R, Saka N, Salami B, Ajayi S, Akande K, Kazemi H. GPT models in construction industry: Opportunities, limitations, and a use case validation. Developments in the Built Environment 2024;17:100300 View
  33. Chen A, Chen D, Tian L. Benchmarking the symptom-checking capabilities of ChatGPT for a broad range of diseases. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2024;31(9):2084 View
  34. Zaleski A, Berkowsky R, Craig K, Pescatello L. Comprehensiveness, Accuracy, and Readability of Exercise Recommendations Provided by an AI-Based Chatbot: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e51308 View
  35. Ansari N, Babaei V, Najafpour M. Enhancing catalysis studies with chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT): Conversation with ChatGPT. Dalton Transactions 2024;53(8):3534 View
  36. Abdelhafiz A, Ali A, Maaly A, Ziady H, Sultan E, Mahgoub M. Knowledge, Perceptions and Attitude of Researchers Towards Using ChatGPT in Research. Journal of Medical Systems 2024;48(1) View
  37. Murugan M, Yuan B, Venner E, Ballantyne C, Robinson K, Coons J, Wang L, Empey P, Gibbs R. Empowering personalized pharmacogenomics with generative AI solutions. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2024;31(6):1356 View
  38. Park Y, Pillai A, Deng J, Guo E, Gupta M, Paget M, Naugler C. Assessing the research landscape and clinical utility of large language models: a scoping review. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2024;24(1) View
  39. Karami V, Yaffe M, Gore G, Moon A, Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi S. Socially Assistive Robots for patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A scoping review. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2024;123:105409 View
  40. Fabijan A, Zawadzka-Fabijan A, Fabijan R, Zakrzewski K, Nowosławska E, Polis B. Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging: Analyzing the Performance of ChatGPT and Microsoft Bing in Scoliosis Detection and Cobb Angle Assessment. Diagnostics 2024;14(7):773 View
  41. Alqudah M. The Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence for Customer Services. SSRN Electronic Journal 2024 View
  42. Spotnitz M, Idnay B, Gordon E, Shyu R, Zhang G, Liu C, Cimino J, Weng C. A Survey of Clinicians' Views of the Utility of Large Language Models. Applied Clinical Informatics 2024;15(02):306 View
  43. Denecke K, May R, Rivera Romero O. Potential of Large Language Models in Health Care: Delphi Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e52399 View
  44. Safdar M, Siddique N, Gulzar A, Adil S, Yasin H, Khan M. A bibliometric analysis of literature published on ChatGPT and GPT. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication 2024 View
  45. Sezgin E, McKay I. Behavioral health and generative AI: a perspective on future of therapies and patient care. npj Mental Health Research 2024;3(1) View
  46. Claman D, Sezgin E. Artificial Intelligence in Dental Education: Opportunities and Challenges of Large Language Models and Multimodal Foundation Models. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e52346 View
  47. Xu J, Lu L, Peng X, Pang J, Ding J, Yang L, Song H, Li K, Sun X, Zhang S. Data Set and Benchmark (MedGPTEval) to Evaluate Responses From Large Language Models in Medicine: Evaluation Development and Validation. JMIR Medical Informatics 2024;12:e57674 View
  48. Huisman T, Huisman T. Artificial Intelligence in Newborn Medicine. Newborn 2024;3(2):96 View
  49. Han L, Char D, Aghaeepour N. Artificial Intelligence in Perioperative Care: Opportunities and Challenges. Anesthesiology 2024;141(2):379 View
  50. Rajagopal A, Ayanian S, Ryu A, Qian R, Legler S, Peeler E, Issa M, Coons T, Kawamoto K. Machine Learning Operations in Health Care: A Scoping Review. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Digital Health 2024;2(3):421 View
  51. Small W, Wiesenfeld B, Brandfield-Harvey B, Jonassen Z, Mandal S, Stevens E, Major V, Lostraglio E, Szerencsy A, Jones S, Aphinyanaphongs Y, Johnson S, Nov O, Mann D. Large Language Model–Based Responses to Patients’ In-Basket Messages. JAMA Network Open 2024;7(7):e2422399 View
  52. Marchena Sekli G. The research landscape on generative artificial intelligence: a bibliometric analysis of transformer-based models. Kybernetes 2024 View
  53. Sezgin E, Sirrianni J, Kranz K. Evaluation of a Digital Scribe: Conversation Summarization for Emergency Department Consultation Calls. Applied Clinical Informatics 2024;15(03):600 View
  54. Kim P, Seo B, De Silva H. Concordance of clinician, Chat-GPT4, and ORAD diagnoses against histopathology in Odontogenic Keratocysts and tumours: a 15-Year New Zealand retrospective study. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2024;28(4):1557 View
  55. Pirzado F, Ahmed A, Mendoza-Urdiales R, Terashima-Marin H. Navigating the Pitfalls: Analyzing the Behavior of LLMs as a Coding Assistant for Computer Science Students—A Systematic Review of the Literature. IEEE Access 2024;12:112605 View
  56. Nagarajan R, Kondo M, Salas F, Sezgin E, Yao Y, Klotzman V, Godambe S, Khan N, Limon A, Stephenson G, Taraman S, Walton N, Ehwerhemuepha L, Pandit J, Pandita D, Weiss M, Golden C, Gold A, Henderson J, Shippy A, Celi L, Hogan W, Oermann E, Sanger T, Martel S. Economics and Equity of Large Language Models: Health Care Perspective. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e64226 View
  57. Nguyen M, Sedoc J, Taylor C. Usability, Engagement, and Report Usefulness of Chatbot-Based Family Health History Data Collection: Mixed Methods Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e55164 View
  58. Armbruster J, Bussmann F, Rothhaas C, Titze N, Grützner P, Freischmidt H. “Doctor ChatGPT, Can You Help Me?” The Patient’s Perspective: Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e58831 View
  59. S. B, Chirchi V, Kadry S, Agoramoorthy M, P. G, K. S, T. A. S, Vocaturo E. The Road Ahead: Emerging Trends, Unresolved Issues, and Concluding Remarks in Generative AI—A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Intelligent Systems 2024;2024(1) View
  60. Yanlin Liu , Jiayi Wang . AI-Driven Health Advice: Evaluating the Potential of Large Language Models as Health Assistants. Journal of Computational Methods in Engineering Applications 2023:1 View
  61. Ferguson S, Aoyagui P, Rizvi R, Kim Y, Kuzminykh A. The Explanation That Hits Home: The Characteristics of Verbal Explanations That Affect Human Perception in Subjective Decision-Making. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 2024;8(CSCW2):1 View
  62. Chen X, Zhou W, Hoda R, Li A, Bain C, Poon P. Exploring the opportunities of large language models for summarizing palliative care consultations: A pilot comparative study. DIGITAL HEALTH 2024;10 View
  63. Monib W, Qazi A, Apong R, Azizan M, De Silva L, Yassin H. Generative AI and future education: a review, theoretical validation, and authors’ perspective on challenges and solutions. PeerJ Computer Science 2024;10:e2105 View
  64. Huang T, Hsieh P, Chang Y. Performance Comparison of Junior Residents and ChatGPT in the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) for Medical History Taking and Documentation of Medical Records: Development and Usability Study. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e59902 View
  65. Abdelhafiz A, Farghly M, Sultan E, Abouelmagd M, Ashmawy Y, Elsebaie E. Medical students and ChatGPT: analyzing attitudes, practices, and academic perceptions. BMC Medical Education 2025;25(1) View
  66. Natekar A, Cohen F. Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Modeling in the Management and Treatment of Episodic Migraine. Current Pain and Headache Reports 2025;29(1) View
  67. Ren Y, Kang Y, Cao S, Meng F, Zhang J, Liao R, Li X, Chen Y, Wen Y, Wu J, Xia W, Xu L, Wen S, Liu H, Li Y, Gu J, Lv Q. Evaluating the performance of large language models in health education for patients with ankylosing spondylitis/spondyloarthritis: a cross-sectional, single-blind study in China. BMJ Open 2025;15(3):e097528 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Bonnier T, Bosch B. Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security. SAFECOMP 2023 Workshops. View
  2. Guan C, Ding D, Gupta P, Hung Y, Jiang Z. Exploring Cyber Criminals and Data Privacy Measures. View
  3. Fares O, Zhu Q, Lee S, Aversa J. Revolutionizing the Service Industry Wth OpenAI Models. View
  4. Ghosh A, Huang B, Yan Y, Lin W. Proceedings of Ninth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology. View
  5. ZareiNejad M, Tavana P. Application of Generative AI in Healthcare Systems. View