Published on in Vol 9 , No 4 (2021) :April

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/21547, first published .
Jenna M Reps 1 , BSc, MSc, PhD ;   Chungsoo Kim 2 , PharmD ;   Ross D Williams 3 , MSc ;   Aniek F Markus 3 , BSc, MSc ;   Cynthia Yang 3 , BSc, MSc ;   Talita Duarte-Salles 4 , MPH, PhD ;   Thomas Falconer 5 , BSc, MSc ;   Jitendra Jonnagaddala 6 , MIS, PhD ;   Andrew Williams 7 , PhD ;   Sergio Fernández-Bertolín 4 , MSc ;   Scott L DuVall 8 , PhD ;   Kristin Kostka 9 , MPH ;   Gowtham Rao 1 , MD, PhD ;   Azza Shoaibi 1 , PhD ;   Anna Ostropolets 5 , MD ;   Matthew E Spotnitz 5 , MPH, MD ;   Lin Zhang 10, 11 , PhD ;   Paula Casajust 12 , BSc, MSc ;   Ewout W Steyerberg 13, 14 , MSc, PhD ;   Fredrik Nyberg 15 , MPH, MD, PhD ;   Benjamin Skov Kaas-Hansen 16, 17 , MSc, MD ;   Young Hwa Choi 18 , MD, PhD ;   Daniel Morales 19 , PhD, MBChB ;   Siaw-Teng Liaw 6 , PhD ;   Maria Tereza Fernandes Abrahão 20 , PhD ;   Carlos Areia 21 , MSc, PT ;   Michael E Matheny 22 , MD, MPH, MS ;   Kristine E Lynch 8 , PhD ;   María Aragón 4 , MSc ;   Rae Woong Park 23 , MD, PhD ;   George Hripcsak 5 , MD, MS ;   Christian G Reich 9 , MD, PhD ;   Marc A Suchard 24 , MD, PhD ;   Seng Chan You 23 , MD, MS ;   Patrick B Ryan 1 , PhD ;   Daniel Prieto-Alhambra 25 , MD, PhD ;   Peter R Rijnbeek 3 , PhD

1 Janssen Research & Development , Titusville , NJ , US

2 Department of Biomedical Sciences , Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine , Suwon , KR

3 Department of Medical Informatics , Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam , NL

4 Fundacio Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atencio Primaria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina , Barcelona , ES

5 Department of Biomedical Informatics , Columbia University , New York , NY , US

6 School of Public Health and Community Medicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney , AU

7 Tufts Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies , Boston , MA , US

8 Department of Veterans Affairs , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , US

9 Real World Solutions , IQVIA , Cambridge , MA , US

10 Melbourne School of Public Health , The University of Melbourne , Victoria , AU

11 School of Public Health , Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , CN

12 Department of Real-World Evidence , Trial Form Support , Barcelona , ES

13 Department of Public Health , Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam , NL

14 Department of Biomedical Data Sciences , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , NL

15 School of Public Health and Community Medicine , Institute of Medicine , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , SE

16 Clinical Pharmacology Unit , Zealand University Hospital , Roskilde , DK

17 NNF Centre for Protein Research , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , DK

18 Department of Infectious Diseases , Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , KR

19 Division of Population Health and Genomics , University of Dundee , Dundee , GB

20 Faculty of Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , BR

21 Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , GB

22 Department of Veterans Affairs , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , US

23 Department of Biomedical Informatics , Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , KR

24 Department of Biostatistics , UCLA Fielding School of Public Health , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , US

25 Centre for Statistics in Medicine , Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , GB

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