Chinese-Named Entity Recognition From Adverse Drug Event Records: Radical Embedding-Combined Dynamic Embedding–Based BERT in a Bidirectional Long Short-term Conditional Random Field (Bi-LSTM-CRF) Model

Hong Wu   ¹ , MS ;   Jiatong Ji   ² , MS ;   Haimei Tian   ³ , MS ;   Yao Chen   ¹ , MS ;   Weihong Ge   ⁴ , MS ;   Haixia Zhang   ⁴ , PhD ;   Feng Yu   ² , PhD ;   Jianjun Zou   ⁵ , PhD ;   Mitsuhiro Nakamura   ⁶ , PhD ;   Jun Liao   ¹ , PhD

¹ School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China

² School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China

³ School of Computer Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China

⁴ Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China

⁵ Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

⁶ Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan