%0 Journal Article
%@ 2291-9694
%I JMIR Publications
%V 12
%N 
%P e49613
%T Dermoscopy Differential Diagnosis Explorer (D3X) Ontology to Aggregate and Link Dermoscopic Patterns to Differential Diagnoses: Development and Usability Study
%A Lin,Rebecca Z
%A Amith,Muhammad Tuan
%A Wang,Cynthia X
%A Strickley,John
%A Tao,Cui
%+ Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, United States, 1 9049530255, Tao.Cui@mayo.edu
%K medical informatics
%K biomedical ontology
%K ontology
%K ontologies
%K vocabulary
%K OWL
%K web ontology language
%K skin
%K semiotic
%K web app
%K web application
%K visual
%K visualization
%K dermoscopic
%K diagnosis
%K diagnoses
%K diagnostic
%K information storage
%K information retrieval
%K skin lesion
%K skin diseases
%K dermoscopy differential diagnosis explorer
%K dermatology
%K dermoscopy
%K differential diagnosis
%K information storage and retrieval
%D 2024
%7 21.6.2024
%9 Original Paper
%J JMIR Med Inform
%G English
%X Background: Dermoscopy is a growing field that uses microscopy to allow dermatologists and primary care physicians to identify skin lesions. For a given skin lesion, a wide variety of differential diagnoses exist, which may be challenging for inexperienced users to name and understand. Objective: In this study, we describe the creation of the dermoscopy differential diagnosis explorer (D3X), an ontology linking dermoscopic patterns to differential diagnoses. Methods: Existing ontologies that were incorporated into D3X include the elements of visuals ontology and dermoscopy elements of visuals ontology, which connect visual features to dermoscopic patterns. A list of differential diagnoses for each pattern was generated from the literature and in consultation with domain experts. Open-source images were incorporated from DermNet, Dermoscopedia, and open-access research papers. Results: D3X was encoded in the OWL 2 web ontology language and includes 3041 logical axioms, 1519 classes, 103 object properties, and 20 data properties. We compared D3X with publicly available ontologies in the dermatology domain using a semiotic theory–driven metric to measure the innate qualities of D3X with others. The results indicate that D3X is adequately comparable with other ontologies of the dermatology domain. Conclusions: The D3X ontology is a resource that can link and integrate dermoscopic differential diagnoses and supplementary information with existing ontology-based resources. Future directions include developing a web application based on D3X for dermoscopy education and clinical practice. 
%M 38904996
%R 10.2196/49613
%U https://medinform.jmir.org/2024/1/e49613
%U https://doi.org/10.2196/49613
%U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38904996